In 1812, Johann Ludwig Burckhardt, a Swiss adventurer, Orientalist and Arabic scholar, set out on an expedition from Damascus. Disguised as a Bedouin tribesman, he joined a desert caravan and “descended into the valley of the Jordan”. There, he eventually stumbled across:“The remains of an ancient city, which I conjecture to be Petra, a place which, as far as I know, no European traveller has ever visited. In the red sand stone of which the valley is composed, are upwards of two hundred and fifty sepulchres entirely cut out of the rock, the greater part of them with Grecian ornaments. There is a mausoleum in the shape of a temple, of colossal dimensions , likewise cut out of the rock...It is a most beautiful specimen of Grecian architecture, and in perfect preservation.” Travels in Nubia 1819